A myriad of islands and two continents comprise Oceania. The countries and territories which comprise this region had long been colonized by others, and only during the last century did most reach the goal of self-determination. Many islands of Oceania are under threat due to environmental catastrophes, and they are at the forefront of being the most vocal for global change.
| State Dependency/Autonomous Region | Head of state |
|---|---|
| Australia | Governor-General – David Hurley |
| Australia | Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese |
| Cook Islands | King’s Representative – Tom Marsters |
| Cook Islands | Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
| East Timor | President – José Ramos-Horta |
| Fiji | President – Wiliame Katonivere |
| Fiji | MP – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu |
| Kiribati | President – Taneti Maamau |
| Marshall Islands | see Compact of Free Association |
| Micronesia | see Compact of Free Association |
| Nauru | President – Russell Kun |
| New Zealand | Governor-General Dame Cindy Kiro |
| New Zealand | Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern |
| Niue | Premier – Dalton Tagelagi |
| Palau | see Compact of Free Association |
| Papua New Guinea | Governor-General Sir Bob Dadae |
| Papua New Guinea | Prime Minister – James Marapa |
| Papua New Guinea Bougainville | President – Ishmael Toroama |
| Samoa | O le Ao o le Malo – Va’aletoa Sualauvi II |
| Samoa | Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa |
| Solomon Islands | Governor-General Sir David Vunagi |
| Solomon Islands | Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare |
| Tonga | King – Tupou VI |
| Tonga | Prime Minister – Siaosi Sovaleni |
| Tuvalu | Governor-General Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani |
| Tuvalu | Prime Minister – Kausea Natano |
| Vanuatu | Prime Minister – Bob Loughman |